Dexedrine (Dextroamphetamine Sulfate)

Drug Class: Central Nervous System (CNS) Stimulant
Active Ingredient: Dextroamphetamine sulfate

Available Dosage Forms

• Immediate-release oral tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg
• Extended-release capsules (Spansules)

Therapeutic Indications

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Narcolepsy (sleep-wake disorder)

Mechanism of Action

Dextroamphetamine enhances central nervous system activity by increasing synaptic levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. It promotes neurotransmitter release and inhibits reuptake, leading to improved focus, attention, alertness, and wakefulness.

Pharmacokinetics

• Onset of action: 20–60 minutes (oral administration)
• Duration:
  • Immediate-release: 4–6 hours
  • Extended-release: 8–10 hours
• Metabolism: Hepatic (primarily via CYP2D6 enzyme pathway)
• Elimination: Renal excretion

Contraindications

• Advanced arteriosclerosis
• Symptomatic cardiovascular disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Glaucoma
• History of substance use disorder
• Use with or within 14 days of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Common Adverse Effects

• Insomnia
• Reduced appetite
• Dry mouth (xerostomia)
• Tachycardia (increased heart rate)
• Anxiety or nervousness
• Abdominal discomfort

Safety Warnings & Precautions

• High risk of abuse, dependence, and diversion
• May elevate blood pressure and heart rate; cardiovascular monitoring recommended
• Long-term use in children may impact growth velocity
• Use caution in patients with psychiatric or cardiac conditions

Storage Guidelines

• Store at 20°–25°C (68°–77°F)
• Protect from moisture and direct light

Regulatory Status

• Classified as a Schedule II controlled substance due to high abuse potential and accepted medical use